![]() See the examples of repeat citations using ‘ibid’ and 'n' provided below. Footnote examples for different source types Short notes usually look similar regardless of source typeauthor, title, page number. provide authority for a proposition acknowledge a relevant source provide information for sources or quotations cited in the text (direct quotations should always be followed by a footnote unless their source is provided in full in the text). Footnotes are used when there are only a small number of references. For cases and legislation, a short title may be used followed by a cross-reference (n) in parentheses. When to Footnote (see details at AGLC4: 1.1.1) Footnotes should be used to. A footnote lists the author, title and details of publication, in that order. Use ‘n’ to refer to a source that has been cited in a previous footnote other than the immediately preceding one. If you refer to the same source as in the immediately preceding footnote but to a different page or section, use ‘ibid’ followed by the pinpoint reference, that is, the different page or section number. The pinpoint reference should not be repeated. If there is a pinpoint reference, that is, a reference to a specific place in the cited text, and the next footnote is to the same work and to the same place in the cited text, use ‘ibid’. ‘Ibid’ should always be capitalised when it appears at the start of a footnote. 'Ibid' should not be used where there are multiple sources in the preceding footnote. Use ‘ibid’ to refer to a source in the immediately preceding footnote, including any pinpoints. ‘Ibid’ is an abbreviation of the Latin term ‘ibidem’, meaning ‘in the same place’. Some Wikipedia articles use it, giving summary information about the source together with a page number. The terms ‘ibid’ and ‘n’ are used to refer to previous citations. When a particular source is cited more than once in a paper, the full bibliographic details should not be provided each time in a footnote. What about using the same source many times? A semicolon is used to separate multiple references in one footnote. ![]() ![]()
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